50 Best Places to Visit in South Sudan

South Sudan, the world’s youngest nation, offers intrepid travelers a rare glimpse into untouched landscapes and authentic cultural experiences. Despite its challenging history, this emerging destination boasts extraordinary wildlife migrations, vast wetlands, mountain ranges, and diverse tribal cultures that few tourists have experienced. From the sprawling Sudd wetlands—the largest in the world—to the magnificent wildlife of Boma National Park and the cultural richness of its tribal communities, South Sudan rewards adventurous spirits with genuine discoveries far from the beaten path.

National Parks and Wildlife Reserves

1. Boma National Park

Covering an impressive 22,800 square kilometers in eastern South Sudan, Boma National Park hosts one of the world’s largest wildlife migrations. Between March-April and November-January, approximately two million white-eared kob, tiang antelope, and other species migrate between here and Ethiopia. The park is also home to elephants, giraffes, lions, and numerous bird species, making it a premier destination for wildlife enthusiasts.

2. Bandingilo National Park

Located in the Equatorial region, this 10,000 square kilometer park is a crucial part of the great wildlife migration route. Bandingilo features incredible biodiversity with populations of giraffes, lions, leopards, cheetahs, and various antelope species. The park’s varied landscape of grasslands and woodlands provides spectacular scenery and wildlife viewing opportunities throughout the dry season.

3. Nimule National Park

Established in 1954 near the Ugandan border, Nimule National Park offers more accessible wildlife viewing than some of South Sudan’s more remote reserves. The park is home to elephants, hippos, crocodiles, baboons, and Uganda kob. Visitors can take boat trips to Opekoloe Island for excellent elephant sightings or enjoy the spectacular Fola Falls where the White Nile cascades through dramatic rock formations.

4. Southern National Park

This expansive protected area in Western Equatoria state features diverse ecosystems from dense forests to open savanna. Southern National Park harbors significant populations of elephants, buffalo, and various antelope species. The park’s remote location has helped preserve its wildlife during periods of conflict, making it an important conservation area with authentic safari experiences.

5. Shambe National Park

Located along the western bank of the White Nile, Shambe National Park is known for its wetland habitats and abundant birdlife. The park protects important populations of Nile lechwe antelope and provides sanctuary for numerous migratory bird species. Its location along the Nile makes it a picturesque destination for nature photography and birdwatching.

Natural Landscapes and Rivers

6. The Sudd Wetlands

The Sudd is one of the world’s largest wetlands, covering approximately 30,000 square kilometers when fully flooded. This massive swamp formed by the White Nile is a paradise for birdwatchers with over 450 species, including rare shoebill storks and black-crowned cranes. Exploring by canoe offers an unforgettable experience as you navigate through channels surrounded by papyrus, water lilies, and abundant wildlife.

7. White Nile River

The legendary White Nile flows through South Sudan, creating the lifeblood of the nation. In Juba, visitors can enjoy sunset views over the river or take boat trips to experience its majesty. Near Nimule, adventurous travelers can experience whitewater rafting through challenging rapids while passing areas inhabited by hippos, crocodiles, and riverside wildlife.

8. Imatong Mountains

Near the Ugandan border, the Imatong Mountains rise dramatically from the surrounding plains. Mount Kinyeti, South Sudan’s highest peak at 3,187 meters, offers challenging hiking opportunities and breathtaking views. The mountains’ forested slopes harbor diverse wildlife including leopards, buffalo, and numerous bird species, while the cooler climate provides relief from the heat of the lowlands.

9. Fola Falls

Located within Nimule National Park, Fola Falls presents a spectacular sight where the White Nile tumbles through a narrow gorge. The falls create impressive rapids popular with whitewater rafting enthusiasts. Visitors can observe local fishermen casting nets in the churning waters, often in close proximity to hippos and crocodiles, creating a thrilling natural spectacle.

10. Bahr el Jebel

Known as “Mountain Sea” by locals, this section of the Nile creates a vast inland delta as it flows through South Sudan. The region features countless islands of floating vegetation, creating a unique ecosystem. Exploring by boat allows visitors to witness traditional fishing communities and abundant wildlife that thrive in this distinctive environment.

Cultural and Historical Sites

11. John Garang Mausoleum

Located in Juba at the Avenue of Nations, this important memorial honors Dr. John Garang, the revered leader of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement who was instrumental in South Sudan’s independence struggle. The mausoleum features a statue of Garang and serves as a powerful symbol of the nation’s journey to freedom, making it an essential visit for those interested in understanding South Sudan’s history.

12. Mundari Cattle Camps

The Mundari people maintain a traditional pastoralist lifestyle centered around their distinctive long-horned Ankole-Watusi cattle. Visiting a Mundari cattle camp offers insight into a way of life largely unchanged for centuries. Witness the special bond between the Mundari and their cattle, observe traditional scarification rituals, and learn how these animals represent wealth, status, and cultural identity.

13. Dinka Cattle Camps

The Dinka, South Sudan’s largest ethnic group, maintain a profound cultural connection with their cattle. Their camps can contain over 600 head of cattle with impressive long horns. Visiting these camps provides insight into the Dinka’s nomadic lifestyle, where cattle represent wealth, are used for bride price, and form the center of social and economic life. The Dinka are also known for being among the world’s tallest people.

14. Wau Cathedral

Built in 1913, this impressive Catholic cathedral in Wau showcases colonial-era architecture with beautiful stained glass windows and stone carvings. The cathedral stands as a testament to the influence of Christian missionary groups in the region and remains an important spiritual center. Its distinctive design makes it one of the most recognizable landmarks in South Sudan’s second-largest city.

15. Nyakuron Cultural Center

Established in 1976 in Juba, the Nyakuron Cultural Center serves as the premier venue for experiencing South Sudan’s diverse cultural heritage. The center features a large garden, auditorium, and outdoor stage where traditional dances, music performances, and cultural festivals are regularly held. Visitors can witness the vibrant expressions of South Sudan’s many ethnic groups in one central location.

Major Cities and Towns

16. Juba

South Sudan’s capital and largest city sits on the banks of the White Nile and serves as the gateway to the country. Key attractions include the Juba Market (Konyo Konyo), the University of Juba, and the Presidential Palace. For the best views of the city, hike to the top of Jebel Kujur Mountain. Juba also offers the country’s best accommodation options and restaurants serving both local and international cuisine.

17. Wau

South Sudan’s second-largest city features a blend of colonial architecture and traditional elements. Besides the impressive Wau Cathedral, visitors can explore the Wau Zoo to see native wildlife including the striped hyena. The city’s diverse population creates a cosmopolitan atmosphere, with vibrant markets and cultural influences from various ethnic groups making it a fascinating urban destination.

18. Malakal

Located in the northeast, Malakal is a historic town situated near the confluence of the White Nile and Sobat River. The town features the Upper Nile State Museum, which showcases the cultural heritage of the region. Malakal’s riverside location makes it an important trading hub, and its markets offer insights into local commerce and daily life.

19. Yei

This charming town in Central Equatoria state is known for its relatively mild climate and agricultural productivity. Yei features colorful markets, friendly locals, and a more relaxed pace than the capital. The town’s strategic location near the borders of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo has made it an important trading center with a diverse cultural atmosphere.

20. Torit

Historically significant as the site where the first armed struggle for independence began in 1955, Torit offers several important historical sites. Visitors can pay respects at the burial grounds of the first freedom fighters and visit the mausoleum of Rev. Father Saturnino Ohure, a Catholic priest who died fighting for independence. The town provides insight into South Sudan’s long journey to nationhood.

Tribal Experiences and Cultural Encounters

21. Toposa Villages

The Toposa people in eastern South Sudan maintain distinctive cultural traditions, including elaborate beadwork and body adornments. Their villages near Kapoeta feature unique beehive-shaped huts and offer visitors the chance to witness traditional gold panning in the Singaita River. Experiencing Toposa hospitality provides authentic insights into one of South Sudan’s most visually striking tribal cultures.

22. Shilluk Kingdom

The Shilluk people maintain one of Africa’s oldest continuous monarchies, with a royal lineage stretching back centuries. Visit Kodok (formerly Fashoda), the spiritual center of the Shilluk kingdom, which was closed to outsiders for 500 years due to its sacred status. The area also has historical significance as the site of the Fashoda Incident, a colonial-era standoff between Britain and France.

23. Bor Wrestling Matches

Wrestling holds deep cultural significance in South Sudan, particularly among the Dinka people. At Bor’s Freedom Square, visitors can witness traditional wrestling tournaments held most weekends. These energetic competitions draw large crowds with drummers, singers, and enthusiastic spectators. The matches showcase physical prowess while reinforcing community bonds and tribal identity.

24. Lotuko Communities

The Lotuko (Otuho) people farm the fertile lands around Torit in Eastern Equatoria. Their hillside villages feature dedicated spaces for storytelling and dancing, highlighting the importance of oral tradition. The communities are known for their spiritual practices, with rainmakers and diviners holding respected positions. Visitors can learn about traditional farming methods and observe the cultivation of crops like cassava, sorghum, and sesame.

25. Azande Communities

The Azande people in Western Equatoria are known for their rich artistic traditions and complex social structures. Their communities offer opportunities to witness traditional crafts including woodcarving, pottery, and basket weaving. The Azande are also famous for their historical resistance to colonization and for maintaining distinctive cultural practices that blend agricultural traditions with sophisticated political organization.

Adventure Activities and Experiences

26. White Nile Whitewater Rafting

For adrenaline seekers, whitewater rafting trips from Nimule to Juba offer an exhilarating adventure. The first eight kilometers feature challenging grade 4 rapids before easing to grades 3 and 2. What makes this experience unique is passing through areas inhabited by hippos, crocodiles, and elephants, combining thrilling rapids with exceptional wildlife viewing opportunities.

27. Mount Kinyeti Trek

Climbing South Sudan’s highest peak (3,187m) in the Imatong Mountains presents a challenging adventure for experienced hikers. The trek passes through diverse vegetation zones from rainforest to alpine meadows, with opportunities to spot wildlife including forest elephants and numerous bird species. Reaching the summit rewards climbers with panoramic views across South Sudan and into neighboring Uganda.

28. Sudd Canoe Expedition

Navigate the world’s largest wetland by traditional canoe for an immersive wilderness experience. Paddling through the labyrinth of channels in the Sudd offers unparalleled opportunities to observe hippos, crocodiles, and the wetland’s extraordinary birdlife up close. Local guides can lead multi-day expeditions with camping on islands, providing a profound connection with this unique ecosystem.

29. Boma Wildlife Safari

Witness one of Africa’s greatest wildlife spectacles as millions of antelope migrate through Boma National Park. Safari experiences here are raw and authentic, far from the more developed tourist circuits of East Africa. Guided tours provide opportunities to track elephants, spot predators including lions and cheetahs, and witness the incredible density of wildlife during migration seasons.

30. Sport Fishing on the White Nile

The White Nile offers excellent fishing opportunities with species including Nile perch, tigerfish, and various catfish. Fishing expeditions can be arranged from Juba or Nimule, with local guides knowing the best spots. The combination of productive fishing grounds and spectacular scenery makes this a rewarding activity for both serious anglers and casual fishing enthusiasts.

Practical Travel Tips for South Sudan

31. Staying Connected

Maintaining reliable communication is essential when traveling through South Sudan’s remote regions. Mobile coverage is limited outside major cities, and internet access can be inconsistent. Experienced travelers recommend having backup communication options and downloading offline maps before venturing into rural areas.

32. Visa and Documentation

All visitors to South Sudan require a visa, which should be arranged well in advance through a South Sudanese embassy or consulate. Additional permits may be needed for travel outside Juba or for photography. Keep multiple copies of your documentation and register with your embassy upon arrival. These preparations are essential for smooth travel within the country.

33. Health and Safety Precautions

Travelers should take comprehensive health precautions including antimalarial medication, yellow fever vaccination, and water purification supplies. Medical facilities are limited, so a well-stocked first aid kit is essential. Travel insurance with evacuation coverage is strongly recommended. Stay updated on the security situation and consider hiring local guides who understand regional dynamics.

34. Best Time to Visit

The dry season (November to April) offers the most comfortable travel conditions in South Sudan. Roads are more passable, and wildlife concentrates around water sources, improving viewing opportunities. The wildlife migration in Boma National Park is best observed between March-April and November-January. Temperatures are hot year-round, but slightly cooler during the dry season.

35. Currency and Payments

The South Sudanese Pound (SSP) is the official currency, but US dollars are widely accepted in Juba. Credit cards have very limited acceptance, so bring sufficient cash for your entire trip. Exchange money only at official banks or exchange offices. When budgeting, note that travel in South Sudan can be expensive due to limited infrastructure and the high cost of imported goods.

Accommodation and Transportation

36. Where to Stay in Juba

Juba offers the widest range of accommodation options in South Sudan, from basic guesthouses to higher-end hotels. Popular choices include Hotel VIP, Pyramid Continental Hotel, and Crown Hotel, which offer amenities like restaurants, Wi-Fi, and air conditioning. Budget travelers can find simpler options like ECS Guest House near All Saints Cathedral, while some hotels permit camping on their grounds for backpackers.

37. Regional Accommodation

Outside Juba, accommodation options become significantly more limited. Major towns like Wau, Malakal, and Yei have basic hotels and guesthouses. In more remote areas, travelers may need to arrange accommodation through tour operators who can set up tented camps. Some national parks have basic facilities for overnight stays, though these require advance booking and often special permits.

38. Getting Around

Internal transportation in South Sudan presents challenges due to limited infrastructure. Domestic flights connect major cities but schedules can be unreliable. For road travel, 4×4 vehicles are essential, especially during the wet season when many roads become impassable. Within cities, motorcycle taxis (boda-bodas) provide an efficient way to navigate, while private car hire with drivers is recommended for longer journeys.

39. Border Crossings

The most accessible land border crossing is between Nimule (South Sudan) and Uganda, which serves as a major entry point for travelers. This route features relatively good roads and regular bus services. Other border crossings with Ethiopia, Kenya, and the Democratic Republic of Congo exist but may have restricted access or require special permits. Always check the current status of border crossings before planning your route.

40. Tour Operators

Given the logistical challenges, many travelers opt to visit South Sudan with specialized tour operators who can handle permits, transportation, accommodation, and security considerations. Reputable companies offer various itineraries focusing on wildlife, cultural experiences, or historical sites. These guided tours provide valuable local knowledge and can access areas that would be difficult to reach independently.

Hidden Gems and Unique Experiences

41. Imatong Forest Reserve

Surrounding the Imatong Mountains, this lesser-known forest reserve harbors exceptional biodiversity including rare bird species like the spotted ground thrush. The reserve’s varied elevation creates distinct ecological zones supporting unique plant communities. Local guides can lead visitors through forest trails to spot wildlife and identify medicinal plants used by indigenous communities.

42. Gondokoro Island

This historic island near Juba was an important base for 19th-century explorers searching for the source of the Nile. Today, it offers a peaceful retreat from the busy capital with opportunities for birdwatching and experiencing river life. The island has historical significance as a former trading post and provides insights into the region’s colonial-era exploration history.

43. Kapoeta Gold Panning

In the eastern region near Kapoeta, visitors can observe traditional gold panning techniques practiced by the Toposa people along the Singaita River. This authentic cultural experience shows how local communities have sustainably extracted gold for generations using simple tools and techniques. Some tour operators can arrange for visitors to try their hand at panning under local guidance.

44. Lake No

This small but ecologically significant lake marks where the Bahr al-Ghazal River joins the White Nile. The surrounding wetlands support diverse wildlife and offer excellent birdwatching opportunities. Local fishermen use traditional methods to harvest fish, and boat trips provide a glimpse into the complex hydrology of the Sudd ecosystem and the communities that depend on it.

45. Wau Traditional Brewery

For those interested in local culinary traditions, visiting a traditional brewery in Wau offers insight into the production of sorghum beer, an important cultural beverage. Local brewers demonstrate traditional fermentation techniques passed down through generations. This experience connects visitors with everyday cultural practices and provides opportunities to taste authentic South Sudanese beverages in their traditional context.

Food and Cultural Experiences

46. South Sudanese Cuisine

Exploring South Sudanese cuisine reveals dishes shaped by the country’s geography and cultural diversity. Try kisra (sorghum flatbread) with various stews, asida (porridge), and ful medames (fava bean dish). In Juba, restaurants like Da Vinci, Notos Lounge Bar and Grill, and Juba Bridge Hotel Restaurant offer both local and international cuisine, while smaller towns provide more authentic local dining experiences.

47. Traditional Music and Dance

South Sudan’s diverse ethnic groups each maintain distinctive musical traditions using instruments like drums, lyres, and flutes. Attending performances at Nyakuron Cultural Center in Juba or village celebrations in rural areas allows visitors to experience these vibrant traditions firsthand. Music and dance play central roles in marking life events, seasonal changes, and community gatherings throughout South Sudanese cultures.

48. Local Markets

Markets offer windows into daily South Sudanese life and culture. Juba’s Konyo Konyo Market is the largest, offering everything from fresh produce to handicrafts. Kapoeta Market is famous for traditional beadwork, while Wau’s markets showcase the region’s agricultural bounty. These bustling commercial centers provide opportunities to interact with locals and purchase authentic souvenirs while observing everyday commerce.

49. Traditional Crafts

South Sudan’s tribal groups produce distinctive handicrafts reflecting their cultural identities. Look for intricately designed beadwork from the Toposa and Didinga people, carved wooden items from the Azande, and decorative gourds from various groups. In Juba, the ROOTS shop sells necklaces and crafts made by women from different tribes, supporting traditional skills while providing economic opportunities.

50. Cultural Festivals

Throughout the year, various cultural festivals celebrate South Sudan’s diverse heritage. The Jonglei State Cultural Festival and Kakwa Cultural Festival showcase traditional music, dance, food, and crafts from specific regions. Independence Day celebrations on July 9th feature nationwide festivities with performances, parades, and cultural displays, offering visitors immersive experiences of national pride and cultural expression.

Conclusion: Discovering South Sudan’s Potential

South Sudan may be the world’s youngest nation, but it offers some of Africa’s oldest traditions and most pristine natural environments. For adventurous travelers willing to navigate the challenges, the rewards are extraordinary: witnessing wildlife migrations rivaling the Serengeti, exploring the world’s largest wetland, experiencing authentic tribal cultures, and discovering landscapes few outsiders have seen.

While tourism infrastructure remains limited and security considerations require careful planning, South Sudan’s potential as a destination for meaningful, transformative travel experiences is immense. Those who venture here now will experience a nation in transition, where ancient traditions meet the aspirations of a young country forging its future. As you plan your journey to this emerging destination, embrace the spirit of adventure and discovery that makes travel to South Sudan truly unforgettable.