30 Best Places to Visit in Eritrea

Nestled in the Horn of Africa, Eritrea remains one of the continent’s most intriguing yet least-visited destinations. With its Italian colonial architecture, pristine coastlines along the Red Sea, and diverse landscapes ranging from highlands to deserts, Eritrea offers travelers a unique blend of African, Middle Eastern, and European influences. This hidden gem boasts UNESCO World Heritage sites, untouched beaches, and warm, welcoming locals, making it perfect for adventurous travelers seeking authentic experiences off the beaten path.

Historical and Cultural Sites in Eritrea

Eritrea’s rich history has left behind fascinating architectural and cultural landmarks that tell the story of this unique nation. From Italian colonial buildings to ancient ruins, these sites offer glimpses into Eritrea’s complex past.

1. Asmara’s Art Deco Architecture

Eritrea’s capital is a UNESCO World Heritage site nicknamed “Little Rome in Africa.” Built during the Italian colonial period, Asmara features one of the world’s most concentrated collections of modernist architecture. Don’t miss Cinema Impero, Fiat Tagliero Building (shaped like an airplane), and the former Opera House while strolling down Harnet Street, the city’s main boulevard.

2. Adulis Ruins

Once a major port of the ancient Aksumite Empire, Adulis was a thriving commercial center from the 1st to the 10th century. Located near the town of Foro, about 50km south of Massawa, these archaeological ruins offer fascinating insights into one of Africa’s most powerful ancient civilizations. The site features stone foundations, columns, and artifacts that reveal its historical significance.

3. Imperial Palace in Massawa

This stunning building served as the winter residence of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. Though damaged during the war for independence, the palace remains an impressive structure with its distinctive architecture and historical significance. Its location in Massawa’s old town makes it easily accessible while exploring the port city.

4. Qohaito Archaeological Site

Located on a high plateau, Qohaito contains ruins dating back 2,500 years to the pre-Aksumite period. This UNESCO tentative list site features ancient temples, tombs, and a remarkable dam system. The site’s position on the edge of the Great Rift Valley offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape, making it worth the journey.

5. Debre Bizen Monastery

Perched high in the mountains near Nefasit, this Orthodox monastery dates back to the 1350s. The monastery houses ancient manuscripts and religious artifacts. Note that women are not permitted to enter, and reaching it requires a challenging two-hour hike. The panoramic views and spiritual atmosphere make it a rewarding experience for those who make the climb.

The historic Debre Bizen Monastery offers spectacular views for those who make the climb

6. Keren’s Colonial Cemeteries

Keren witnessed fierce battles during World War II, and today the Italian and British military cemeteries stand as solemn reminders of this history. These well-maintained sites provide a glimpse into Eritrea’s role in the global conflict and honor those who lost their lives during the campaigns in East Africa.

7. Assehaba Mosque in Keren

This beautiful mosque in Keren showcases distinctive Islamic architecture and serves as an important religious center for the local Muslim community. Its striking design and peaceful atmosphere make it worth visiting, though non-Muslims should be respectful and observe appropriate dress codes when in the vicinity.

Natural Wonders of Eritrea

Eritrea’s diverse landscapes offer everything from volcanic deserts to lush highlands and pristine coastlines. These natural wonders showcase the country’s remarkable geographical diversity.

The otherworldly landscape of the Danakil Depression

8. Danakil Depression

One of the hottest and most inhospitable places on Earth, the Danakil Depression features otherworldly landscapes of salt flats, sulfur springs, and volcanic activity. Located in the Afar region, this geological wonder sits below sea level and offers some of the most unique scenery in Africa. Visiting requires proper preparation and guides due to extreme conditions.

9. Filfil Rainforest

Just 20km from Asmara lies this unexpected tropical forest, offering a stark contrast to Eritrea’s arid regions. The lush vegetation, diverse wildlife, and cooler climate make it perfect for hiking and bird watching. The drive through the winding mountain roads to reach Filfil is an adventure in itself, with spectacular views along the way.

10. Eritrean Highlands

The journey from Asmara to Massawa takes you through the breathtaking Eritrean Highlands, where winding roads cut through mountains offering spectacular vistas. The dramatic change in elevation (from 2,325m to sea level) creates diverse microclimates and stunning scenery. The historic railway that once connected these cities is an engineering marvel worth appreciating.

11. Semenawi Bahri (Green Belt)

This verdant region north of Asmara is home to diverse flora and fauna, including rare Hamadryas baboons. The lush forests and cooler climate make it ideal for hiking and wildlife spotting. Local guides can help visitors navigate the area and identify the various plant and animal species that thrive in this unique ecosystem.

12. Emba Metara

Near Senafe, this small mountain topped with a giant cross offers adventurous travelers a challenging climb with rewarding panoramic views. The final section requires using a cable attached to spikes, adding an element of adventure. Local children often accompany visitors on the climb, creating memorable cultural interactions.

Coastal Destinations in Eritrea

With over 1,000km of coastline along the Red Sea, Eritrea offers stunning beaches, historic port towns, and excellent diving opportunities in crystal-clear waters teeming with marine life.

Massawa’s unique blend of Ottoman architecture and coastal charm

13. Massawa Old Town

Once called the “Pearl of the Red Sea,” Massawa features a fascinating mix of Ottoman, Egyptian, and Italian influences. The old town’s narrow streets, coral block buildings, and historic structures create an atmospheric setting despite war damage. The extreme heat makes evening exploration particularly pleasant when locals emerge to socialize.

14. Dahlak Archipelago

This group of over 200 islands offers pristine beaches, vibrant coral reefs, and excellent diving opportunities. Once home to pearl fisheries, the islands now attract visitors seeking unspoiled natural beauty. Access requires permits and boat arrangements, but the effort rewards travelers with some of Africa’s most untouched coastal environments.

15. Gurgusum Beach

Located near Massawa, this is one of Eritrea’s most accessible and beautiful beaches. With its golden sands and clear waters, it’s perfect for swimming and relaxation. Local restaurants serve fresh seafood, making it an ideal day trip from Massawa for those seeking sun and sea after exploring the historic port town.

16. Dissei Island

This uninhabited island in the Dahlak Archipelago offers excellent snorkeling, diving, and camping opportunities. Its pristine beaches and clear waters teeming with marine life make it a paradise for nature lovers. Boat trips can be arranged from Massawa, though advance planning is essential.

17. Tio

This coastal town south of Massawa has historical significance as a port and features interesting ruins and beautiful beaches. Less visited than Massawa, Tio offers a glimpse into coastal Eritrean life away from the main tourist areas. The journey along the coastal road provides stunning views of the Red Sea.

Cities and Towns to Explore in Eritrea

Beyond Asmara, Eritrea’s cities and towns each offer unique cultural experiences, from traditional markets to religious festivals and authentic local cuisine.

The famous Monday animal market in Keren draws traders from across the region

18. Keren

Often called the “heart of Eritrea,” Keren has a distinctly Middle Eastern feel with its traditional atmosphere and predominantly Muslim population. The Monday animal market is the highlight, where traders from across the Anseba region gather to buy and sell livestock, including camels and cattle. The city’s wide, tree-lined streets and relaxed pace make it a pleasant place to explore.

19. Decamhare

Once the industrial hub of Italian Eritrea, this town southeast of Asmara still features significant colonial architecture, vintage cafés, and historic flour mills. Known for its vineyards, Decamhare offers insights into Eritrea’s industrial heritage. The town can be explored in a few hours, making it an easy day trip from the capital.

20. Senafe

This southern town near the Ethiopian border offers a glimpse into rural Eritrean life. While the town itself is modest, the surrounding landscape features impressive mountains and archaeological sites. Locals are often surprised and delighted to meet foreign visitors, creating opportunities for authentic cultural exchanges.

21. Mendefera

The capital of the Southern Region (Debub), Mendefera serves as an administrative center with a lively market and traditional restaurants. Its central location makes it a good base for exploring nearby historical sites. The town’s name means “no one dared,” referring to its historical defensive position.

22. Nefasit

This small town on the road between Asmara and Massawa serves as the starting point for hikes to Debre Bizen Monastery. Its location in the highlands offers spectacular views and a pleasant climate. The town itself is small but provides a glimpse into everyday Eritrean life away from major tourist centers.

Off-the-Beaten-Path Gems in Eritrea

For adventurous travelers willing to explore beyond the main attractions, Eritrea offers hidden gems that few tourists ever see, providing authentic experiences and unforgettable memories.

The historic Eritrean Railway offers a nostalgic journey through breathtaking landscapes

23. Eritrean Railway

Built by Italians in the early 20th century, this engineering marvel features 39 tunnels and 65 bridges along its route from Asmara to Massawa. While not fully operational, special steam train rides can be arranged from Asmara to Nefasit or Arboroba. The journey offers spectacular views and a nostalgic glimpse into colonial-era transportation.

24. Tank Graveyard

Located outside Asmara, this unusual site displays captured Ethiopian military equipment from the war for independence. Tanks, trucks, and even aircraft stand as monuments to Eritrea’s struggle for freedom. The collection provides powerful visual testimony to the resourcefulness of Eritrean fighters who prevailed despite being outgunned.

25. Valley of Sycamores

Between Decamhare and Senafe lies this impressive valley filled with massive sycamore trees. These ancient trees create a magical landscape that feels worlds away from Eritrea’s more arid regions. Reaching the valley requires transportation and possibly a guide, as it’s located off the main road.

Ancient rock art near Qohaito offers glimpses into prehistoric life

26. Rock Art Sites

Near Qohaito and in other locations throughout Eritrea, ancient rock art provides fascinating glimpses into prehistoric life. These sites, some dating back thousands of years, feature depictions of humans, animals, and daily activities. Local guides can help locate these often-hidden treasures that few tourists ever see.

27. Nakfa

The symbolic heartland of Eritrea’s independence struggle, Nakfa served as the headquarters for the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front. The journey to this remote northern town is challenging but rewards visitors with insights into the country’s revolutionary history. The town gave its name to Eritrea’s currency and holds deep patriotic significance.

28. Matara Archaeological Site

Less visited than Qohaito but equally fascinating, Matara contains ruins from the Aksumite period including tombs, a church, and residential areas. Located near Senafe, this site offers archaeological enthusiasts a chance to explore ancient history without crowds. The site’s remote location has helped preserve many of its features.

29. Foro

This small town 50km south of Massawa serves as a gateway to the Afar region and hosts a vibrant weekly market (Thursdays) where Afar and Saho people gather. The nearby ruins of Adulis add historical interest, though many visitors find the authentic market experience more compelling than the archaeological site.

30. Medeber Market in Asmara

This fascinating recycling market showcases Eritrean resourcefulness as artisans transform scrap metal into useful items. Located in Asmara, the market features workshops where visitors can watch craftsmen at work creating everything from coffee pots to cooking stoves from recycled materials. It’s a photographer’s paradise and offers unique, sustainable souvenirs.

Skilled artisans at Medeber Market transform scrap metal into beautiful and functional items

Practical Information for Visiting Eritrea

Planning a trip to Eritrea requires some preparation, as tourism infrastructure is still developing. Here are some essential tips to help you make the most of your visit.

Map of key destinations in Eritrea to help plan your journey

Visa Requirements

All visitors need to obtain a visa before arrival. Applications must be submitted through Eritrean embassies or consulates, and processing can take several weeks. Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date.

Travel Permits

To visit locations outside Asmara, you’ll need travel permits. These can be arranged through the Tourism Office on Harnet Street in Asmara. Provide your intended destinations, dates, and transportation details. Processing typically takes one full day.

Best Time to Visit

October to March offers the most pleasant weather throughout Eritrea. Coastal areas like Massawa are extremely hot year-round, while Asmara’s highland location provides mild temperatures. Avoid the rainy season (June to September) when possible.

Transportation

Public transportation between major cities is available but can be unpredictable. For a more comfortable experience, consider hiring a driver or joining an organized tour. The historic railway operates special tourist trips on occasion, offering a unique travel experience.

Eritrean cuisine features flavorful stews served on injera, a sourdough flatbread

Food and Drink

Eritrean cuisine shares similarities with Ethiopian food, featuring injera (sourdough flatbread) with various stews. Italian influence is evident in the availability of pasta, pizza, and excellent coffee. In Massawa, fresh seafood is a highlight. Try local specialties like zigni (spicy beef stew) and the traditional coffee ceremony.

Accommodation

Most hotels are concentrated in Asmara, with fewer options in other cities. Standards vary widely, and advance booking is recommended. In Asmara, options range from budget guesthouses to mid-range hotels with colonial charm. Electricity and hot water can be inconsistent throughout the country.

Internet and Communication

Internet access is limited and generally slow. Internet cafés in Asmara offer connectivity by the hour. Mobile networks have limited coverage outside major cities. Having an eSIM specifically for Eritrea can help you stay connected during your travels.

Plan Your Eritrean Adventure

Eritrea offers intrepid travelers a rare opportunity to explore a country largely untouched by mass tourism. From the UNESCO-listed modernist architecture of Asmara to the historic port of Massawa, from ancient archaeological sites to pristine beaches, Eritrea rewards visitors with authentic experiences and warm hospitality. While traveling here requires some preparation and flexibility, the unique cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and genuine interactions with locals make it well worth the effort.

As you explore this fascinating country, remember to travel responsibly, respect local customs, and support local businesses. Eritrea’s tourism industry is still developing, and your visit can make a positive impact on local communities while creating unforgettable memories of one of Africa’s most unique destinations.